CaN (Computer & Network) Tips

대표적인 가상화 솔루션의 하나이면서 오픈 소스 소프트웨어인 VirtualBox(버추얼박스) 가 2009월 6월 17일 자로 3.0 베타 1 버전이 나왔다.

VirtualBox 3.0 Beta 1 페이지로 가기


주요 추가 및 변경 사항은 아래와 같다.

Version 3.0 will be a major update. The following major new features were added:

• Guest SMP with up to 32 virtual CPUs (VT-x and AMD-V only)
• Windows guests: ability to use Direct3D 8/9 applications / games (experimental)
• Support for OpenGL 2.0 for Windows, Linux and Solaris guests

In addition, the following items were fixed and/or added:

• Virtual mouse device: eliminated micro-movements of the virtual mouse which were confusing some applications
• Solaris hosts: allow suspend/resume on the host when a VM is running
• Solaris hosts: tighten the restriction for contiguous physical memory under certain conditions
• VMM: fixed occassional guru meditation when loading a saved state (VT-x only)
• VMM: eliminated IO-APIC overhead with 32 bits guests (VT-x only, some Intel CPUs don’t support this feature (most do)
• VMM: fixed 64 bits CentOS guest hangs during early boot (AMD-V only)
• VMM: performance improvements for certain PAE guests (e.g. Linux 2.6.29+ kernels)
• GUI: added mini toolbar for fullscreen and seamless mode (Thanks to Huihong Luo)
• GUI: redesigned settings dialogs
• GUI: allow to create/remove one host-only network adapters
• GUI: display estimated time for long running operations (e.g. OVF import/export)
• GUI: Fixed rare hangs when open the OVF import/export wizards
• VRDP: support Windows 7 RDP client
• Networking: fixed another problem with TX checksum offloading with Linux kernels up to version 2.6.18
• VHD: properly write empty sectors when cloning of VHD images
• VHD: fixed crash when discarding snapshots of a VHD image
• VBoxManage: fixed incorrect partition table processing when creating VMDK files giving raw partition access
• OVF: several OVF 1.0 compatibility fixes
• Shared Folders: sometimes a file was created using the wrong permissions (2.2.0 regression)
• Shared Folders: allow to change file attributes from Linux guests and use the correct file mode when creating files
• Shared Folders: fixed incorrect file timestamps, when using Windows guest on a Linux host
• Linux guests: new daemon vboxadd-service to handle time syncronization and guest property lookup
• Linux guests: implemented guest properties (OS info, logged in users, basic network information)
• Windows host installer: VirtualBox Python API can now be installed automatically (requires Python and Win32 Extensions installed)
• USB: Support for high-speed isochronous endpoints has been added. In addition, read-ahead buffering is performed for input endpoints (currently Linux hosts only). This should allow additional devices to work, notably webcams
• NAT: allow to configure socket and internal parameters
• Registration dialog uses Sun Online accounts now

대표적인 가상화 솔루션의 하나이면서 오픈 소스 소프트웨어인 VirtualBox(버추얼박스)가 2009월 2월 16일 자로 2.1.4 버전으로 업데이트되었다. 내 경우에 [도움말]의 [업데이트 찾기] 메뉴로는 새 버전이 나온 것을 확인할 수 없었다.

VirtualBox 다운로드 페이지로 가기

이번 버전에서 개선된 점은 아래와 같다.

Windows hosts: fixed host crashes/hangs on certain 32 bits Windows systems when running Linux guests

Windows hosts: Fixed network component BSOD issue

Windows hosts: Fixed installation issues

Linux hosts: fixed occasional kernel oopses

Linux hosts: fixed module dependency for shipped modules

Linux hosts: moved the udev rules for USB forward so that they don’t override existing system rules

Linux hosts: fixed the issue with guest not being able to communicate with each other when attached via TAP interfaces

Linux hosts: give up probing for USB gracefully if dbus or hal are not available 

Linux hosts: fixed warnings in installer when SELinux was disabled

Linux hosts: VirtualBox sometimes failed to start if it had been started using sudo previously 

Solaris hosts: fixed high CPU load while running many guests in parallel

Solaris hosts: fixed inability to start more than 128 VMs

VMM: fixed performance regression for Windows guests

VMM: ignore CPU stepping when restoring a saved state/snapshot

REM: fixed inability to use gdb to debug programs in Linux guests with software virtualization

GUI: fixed dead key handling on Solaris hosts

GUI: in the shutdown dialog, disable the action send the shutdown signal if the guest is currently not using ACPI

GUI: suppress additional key release events sent by X11 hosts when keys are auto-repeated

API: restore case insensitive OS type name lookup

VBoxHeadless: really don’t start X11 services (clipboard service, 3D acceleration; Solaris & Darwin hosts only)

NAT: fixed occasional crashes when the guest is doing traceroute (non-Windows hosts)

NAT: fixed crashes under high load

NAT: fixed truncated downloads (Windows hosts only)

NAT: don’t intercept TFTP packages with a destination address different from the builtin TFTP server

USB: several fixes for USB passthrough on Linux hosts

USB: reduced host CPU utilization if EHCI is active

VRDP: fixed VRDP server black screen after a client reconnect 

VRDP: modified rdesktop client (rdesktop-vrdp) now uses NumLock state synchronization

LsiLogic: make FreeBSD guests work

ATA: fixed deadlock when pausing VM due to problems with the virtual disk (e.g. disk full, iSCSI target unavailable)

iSCSI: fixed possible crash when pausing the VM

3D support: added missing GL_MAX_TEXTURE_COORDS_ARB

Windows Additions: fixed ERROR (e0000101) error during installation 

Windows Additions: fixed Windows Explorer hang when browsing shared folders with 64 bit guests

Windows Additions: fixed guest screen distortions during a video mode change

Windows Additions: fixed the Network drive not connected message for mapped shared folders drives after the guest startup

Linux Additions: fixed occasional file corruption when writing files in O_APPEND mode to a shared folder

Linux Additions: the mouse driver was not properly set up on X.Org release candidates

Linux Additions: fixed installer to work with openSUSE 11.1

Linux Additions: disable dynamic resizing if the X server is configured for fixed resolutions

Linux/Solaris Additions: handle virtual resolutions properly which are larger than the actual guest resolution

대표적인 가상화 솔루션의 하나이면서 오픈 소스 소프트웨어인 VirtualBox(버추얼박스)가 2009월 1월 21일 자로 2.1.2 버전으로 업데이트되었다.

VirtualBox 다운로드 페이지로 가기

이번 버전에서 개선된 점은 아래와 같다.

USB: improved support for recent Linux hosts

VMM: fixed guru meditation for PAE guests on non-PAE hosts (AMD-V)

VMM: fixed guru meditation on Mac OS X hosts when using VT-x

VMM: allow running up to 1023 VMs on 64-bit hosts (used to be 127)

VMM: several FreeBSD guest related fixes

VMM: fixed guru meditation when installing Suse Enterprise Server 10U2 (VT-x only)

VMM: fixed guru meditation when booting Novell Netware 4.11 (VT-x only)

VMM: fixed VERR_ADDRESS_TOO_BIG error on some Mac OS X systems when starting a VM

VMM: clear MSR_K6_EFER_SVME after probing for AMD-V)

VMM: fixed guru meditation during Windows 7 boot with more than 2 GB guest RAM (VT-x, nested paging only)

VMM: fixed hang during OS/2 MCP2 boot (AMD-V and VT-x only)

VMM: fixed loop during OpenBSD 4.0 boot (VT-x only)

VMM: fixed random crashes related to FPU/XMM with 64 bits guests on 32 bits hosts

VMM: fixed occasional XMM state corruption with 64 bits guests

VMM: speed improvements for real mode and protected mode without paging (software virtualization only)

GUI: raised the RAM limit for new VMs to 75% of the host memory

GUI: added Windows 7 as operating system type

VBoxSDL: fixed -fixed fixedmode parameter 

Clipboard: stability fixes (Linux and Solaris hosts only)

3D support: fixed VM crashes for certain guest applications

LsiLogic: improved support for Windows guests (still experimental)

VGA: fixed a 2.1.0 regression where guest screen resize events were not properly handled

VGA: significant performance improvements when using VT-x/AMD-V on Mac OS X hosts

VGA: better handling for VRAM offset changes (fixes GRUB2 and Dos DOOM display issues)

VGA: custom VESA modes with invalid widths are now rounded up to correct ones

IDE: fixed ATAPI passthrough support (Linux hosts only)

Networking: fixed kernel panics due to NULL pointer dereference in Linux kernels < 2.6.20 (Linux hosts only)

Networking: fixed intermittend BSODs when using the new host interface (Windows hosts only)

Networking: fixed several issues with displaying hostif NICs in the GUI (Windows hosts only)

Networking: fixed the issue with displaying hostif NICs without assigned IP addresses (Linux hosts only)

Networking: fixed the issue with sent packets coming back to internal network when using hostif (Linux hosts only).

NAT: fixed port forwarding (Windows hosts only)

NAT: fixed booting from the builtin TFTP server

NAT: fixed occasional crashes

SATA: vendor product data (VPD) is now configurable

SATA: raw disk partitions were not recognized (2.1.0 regression, Windows host only)

SATA: fixed timeouts in the guest when using raw VMDK files (Linux host only)

SATA: huge speed up during certain I/O operations like formatting a drive

SATA/IDE: fixed possible crash/errors during VM shutdown

VRDP: fixed loading of libpam.so.1 from the host (Solaris hosts only)

VRDP: fixed RDP client disconnects

VRDP: fixed VRDP server misbehavior after a broken client connection

VBoxManage showvminfo: fixed assertion for running VMs

VBoxManage convertfromraw: added parameter checking and made it default to creating VDI files; fixed and documented format parameter

VBoxManage clonehd: fixed garbled output image when creating VDI files

VBoxManage guestproperty: fixed property enumeration (incorrect parameters/exception)

VHD: fixed error when attaching certain container files

Solaris hosts: added support for serial ports

Solaris hosts: fix for Japanese keyboards

Solaris hosts: 32-bit and 64-bit versions now available as a single, unified package

Linux hosts: don’t depend on libcap1 anymore

Linux hosts: compile fixes for 2.6.29-rc1

Linux hosts: don’t drop any capability if the VM was started by root (2.1.0 regression)

Mac OS X hosts: save the state of running or paused VMs when the host machine’s battery reaches critical level

Mac OS X hosts: improved window resizing of the VM window

Mac OS X hosts: added GUI option to disable the dock icon realtime preview in the GUI to decrease the host CPU load when the guest is doing 3D

Mac OS X hosts: polished realtime preview dock icon

Windows Additions: fixed guest property and logging OS type detection for Windows 2008 and Windows 7 Beta

Windows Additions: added support for Windows 7 Beta

Windows Additions: fixed Windows 2000 guest freeze when accessing files on shared folders

Windows Additions: fixed Ctrl-Alt-Del handling when using VBoxGINA

Windows Additions Installer: Added /extract switch to only extract (not install) the files to a directory (can be specified with /D=path)

Linux installer and Additions: added support for the Linux From Scratch distribution and recent Gentoo versions

Additions: added experimental support for X.Org Server 1.6 RC on Linux guests

Linux Additions: fixed bug which prevented to properly set fmode on mapped shared folders

Linux Additions: fixed appending of files on shared folders 

Linux Additions: ignore noauto option when mounting a shared folder

Linux Additions: fixed a driver issue preventing X11 from compiling keymaps

X11 Additions: workaround in the mouse driver for a server crash when the driver is loaded manually

대표적인 가상화 솔루션의 하나이면서 오픈 소스 소프트웨어인 VirtualBox(버추얼박스)가 2008월 12월 17일자로 2.1.0 버전으로 업데이트되었다.

VirtualBox 다운로드 페이지로 가기

이번 버전에서 추가되거나 개선된 점은 아래와 같다.

추가된 점:

• Support for hardware virtualization (VT-x and AMD-V) on Mac OS X hosts
• Support for 64-bit guests on 32-bit host operating systems (experimental; see user manual, chapter 1.6, 64-bit guests, page 16)
• Added support for Intel Nehalem virtualization enhancements (EPT and VPID; see user manual, chapter 1.2, Software vs. hardware virtualization (VT-x and AMD-V), page 10))
• Experimental 3D acceleration via OpenGL (see user manual, chapter 4.8, Hardware 3D acceleration (OpenGL), page 66)
• Experimental LsiLogic and BusLogic SCSI controllers (see user manual, chapter 5.1, Hard disk controllers: IDE, SATA (AHCI), SCSI, page 70)
• Full VMDK/VHD support including snapshots (see user manual, chapter 5.2, Disk image files (VDI, VMDK, VHD), page 72)
• New NAT engine with significantly better performance, reliability and ICMP echo (ping) support
• New Host Interface Networking implementations for Windows and Linux hosts with easier setup (replaces TUN/TAP on Linux and manual bridging on Windows)

개선된 점:

• VMM: significant performance improvements for VT-x (real mode execution)
• VMM: support for hardware breakpoints (VT-x and AMD-V only)
• VMM: VGA performance improvements for VT-x and AMD-V
• VMM: Solaris and OpenSolaris guest performance improvements for AMD-V (Barcelona family CPUs only)
• VMM: fixed guru meditation while running the Dr. Web virus scanner (software virtualization only)
• VMM: deactivate VT-x and AMD-V when the host machine goes into suspend mode; reactivate when the host machine resumes (Windows, Mac OS X & Linux hosts)
• VMM: fixed guest hangs when restoring VT-x or AMD-V saved states/snapshots
• VMM: fixed guru meditation when executing a one byte debug instruction (VT-x only)
• VMM: fixed guru meditation for PAE guests on non-PAE hosts (VT-x)
• VMM: disallow mixing of software and hardware virtualization execution in general
• VMM: fixed black screen when booting OS/2 1.x (AMD-V only)
• GUI: pause running VMs when the host machine goes into suspend mode (Windows & Mac OS X hosts)
• GUI: resume previously paused VMs when the host machine resumes after suspend (Windows & Mac OS X hosts)
• GUI: save the state of running or paused VMs when the host machine’s battery reaches critical level (Windows hosts)
• GUI: properly restore the position of the selector window when running on the compiz window manager
• GUI: properly restore the VM in seamless mode (2.0 regression)
• GUI: warn user about non optimal memory settings
• GUI: structure operating system list according to family and version for improved usability
• GUI: predefined settings for QNX guests
• IDE: improved ATAPI passthrough support
• Networking: added support for up to 8 Ethernet adapters per VM
• Networking: fixed issue where a VM could lose connectivity after a reboot
• iSCSI: allow snapshot/diff creation using local VDI file
• iSCSI: improved interoperability with iSCSI targets
• Graphics: fixed handling of a guest video memory which is not a power of two
• VBoxManage: fixed bug which prevented setting up the serial port for direct device access.
• VBoxManage: added support for VMDK and VHD image creation
• VBoxManage: added support for image conversion (VDI/VMDK/VHD/RAW)
• Solaris hosts: added IPv6 support between host and guest when using host interface networking
• Mac OS X hosts: added ACPI host power status reporting
• API: redesigned storage model with better generalization
• API: allow attaching a hard disk to more than one VM at a time
• API: added methods to return network configuration information of the host system
• Shared Folders: performance and stability fixes for Windows guests (Microsoft Office Applications)

Microsoft Virtual PC is a virtualization suite for Microsoft Windows operating systems, and an emulation suite for Mac OS X on PowerPC-based systems. The software was originally written by Connectix, and was subsequently acquired by Microsoft. In July 2006 Microsoft released the Windows-hosted version as a free product. In August 2006 Microsoft announced the Macintosh-hosted version would not be ported to Intel-based Macintoshes, effectively discontinuing the product as PowerPC-based Macintoshes are no longer manufactured. Virtual PC emulates a standard PC and its associated hardware. Thus, it can be used to run nearly all operating systems available for the PC. However, issues can arise when trying to install uncommon operating systems that have not been specifically targeted in the development of Virtual PC.

홈페이지: http://www.microsoft.com/windows/products/winfamily/virtualpc/default.mspx


- Virtualization(가상화)
- Virtual Machine(가상 머신)

이동이 잦은 환경에서 PC를 쓰는 경우 노트북 PC나 PDA를 들고 다니면 좋지만 그렇지 못할 때가 있다. 그럴 때면 남의 PC를 사용해야 하는데 설치가 되어 있는 소프트웨어나 환경 설정이 익숙치 않아 애를 먹을 수가 있다. 그뿐만 아니라 사용 흔적이 고스란히 남기 때문에 보안 문제가 발생할 수도 있다. 이런 문제를 해결하는 방안으로 보통 다음 세 가지가 있다.

- 자신의 PC를 원격으로 접속해서 사용하기
- USB 등 이동형 외장 메모리에 휴대형 애플리케이션을 설치해서 다니기
- USB 등 이동형 외장 메모리에 운영 체제와 프로그램을 설치해서 다니기

이 중 세 번째와 관련해서 VMware를 활용하는 글을 올린 적이 있다(관련 글: PC를 USB 메모리나 디카, 아이팟에 넣고 다니기[2007. 10. 17.] ). 사실 VMware가 가상화 컴퓨팅의 대명사격이기도 하고 프로그램도 괜찮기 때문에 쓸만은 하지만 이렇게 되면 비용이 만만치 않다.

이번에는 비슷한 일을 무료로 하는 방법을 소개한다. 물론 Windows나 기타 애플리케이션에 대한 비용은 별도이다.

VMware 대신 마이크로소프트(Microsoft)에서 제공하는 Virtual PC 2007을 사용하도록 한다. Windows 내에 다시 새로운 운영 체제를 설치하는 가상화 서버 프로그램인 Virtual PC 2007은 무료로 다운로드하여 사용할 수 있다.

Virtual PC 2007 다운로드 페이지로 가기

그냥 PC에 여러 개의 Windows를 설치해서 사용하는 것이라면 이 프로그램으로 충분하지만 USB 메모리와 같은 외장형 메모리에 설치해 사용하려면 다음 프로그램을 하나 더 내려받아야 한다.

Portable Virtual PC 다운로드 페이지로 가기

이 프로그램은 마이크로소프트에서 제공하는 것이 아니라 어느 개인이 휴대용으로 활용하기 위해 별도로 만들어 무료로 배포하는 것이다.

이 두 프로그램을 준비한 후 다음 절차를 따른다.

1. Portable Virtual PC는 적당한 폴더에 압축을 풀어놓는다. 나중에 이 폴더를 외장형 메모리로 옮기면 된다.
2. Virtual PC 2007을 설치한다. 설치한 후 새로 가상 머신(Virtual Machine)을 설치할 필요는 없다.
3. Virtual PC 2007이 설치된 "Program Files\Microsoft Virtual PC" 폴더의 모든 하위 폴더와 파일을 "PortableVirtualPC\App" 폴더로 복사한다.
4. "Program Files\Microsoft Virtual PC\Utility\VMNetSrv" 폴더에 있는 파일들도 "PortableVirtualPC\bin\VMNetSrv" 폴더로 모두 복사한다.
5. "Documents and Settings\[사용자 계정 이름]\Application Data\Microsoft\Virtual PC\VPCKeyboard.dll" 파일을 "PortableVirtualPC\App" 폴더로 복사한다.
6. "Windows\System32\drivers\VMM.sys" 파일을 "PortableVirtualPC\bin\VMM\VMM.sys" 파일로 복사한다.
7. 레지스트리 편집기를 열고 "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Virtual PC\5.0\Registration" 항목으로 이동한 후 "PID" 값¹을 "PortableVirtualPC\bin\regkey.txt" 파일에 옮겨 입력한다. 즉, regkey.txt 파일을 열고 기존 내용을 모두 지운 후 PID 값으로 넣어주면 된다.
8. 이후 PortableVirtualPC 폴더 내의 "PortableVirtualPC.exe" 파일을 이용해 가상 머신을 만들거나 사용하면 된다.
9. VIrtual PC 2007은 따로 사용할 일이 없으면 제거한다.

사용 방법은 Virtual PC 2007과 같지만 가상 머신을 PortableVirtualPC 폴더 아래에 있는 Virtal Machines 폴더에 만들어주면 같이 옮기며 사용하기가 용이하다.

사용할 수 있는 외장형 메모리의 크기를 생각하여 가상 하드디스크의 크기를 잡고 PC에 Windows를 설치해 사용하듯이 쓰면 된다. PC에서 이동식 디스크로 인식할 수 있는 외장형 하드디스크, USB 메모리, 디지털 카메라(디카), 아이팟(iPod), MP3 플레이어에서 모두 사용할 수 있다.